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Kerala is a little more than two times more densely settled than the rest of the country, with an overall population density of 860 per square kilometer. About 52 % of the population lives in Gram Panchayats and 48 % lives in Municipal Towns and Corporations. The Census data 2011 classifies about half of the population as urban, however most of the population expects urban standards of living. This unique form of settlement has its own challenges in extending piped network to all.
Kerala lags notably on delivery of reliable, efficient, and sustainable piped water to its citizens. This has serious implications on health and wellbeing of the population, especially for vulnerable groups and during natural disasters. To expand coverage, improve resilience of water supply infrastructure and enhance quality of service delivery, on the policy and institutional front, the key focus will be strengthening effectiveness through new institutional models of service delivery, including devolution of service delivery to local level, as well as strengthening the resilience of the networks and treatment plans through improved standards, and improving financial sustainability of water provision through reduced non-revenue water and improved cost recovery.
The flood in August 2018 has severely affected water supply services crippling access to safe drinking water during and after the flood. Total damage to the water supply subsector is estimated at Rs. 492.3 crore, 77% of which is to shallow dug household wells, 11% to KWA rural schemes, and 6% each to KWA urban schemes and Jalanidhi schemes. Many water supply schemes were damaged mostly due to silting of sources, damage of intake structures, pump houses and distribution networks, and damages of other structures. Damage has been reported in 108 urban and 372 rural schemes under Kerala Water Authority (KWA), and 583 rural schemes under the Jalanidhi project. The KWA estimates 58% reduction in daily production during peak flood period, indicating that approximately 50% to 60% of piped water users (20% of the State’s population or 6.7 million people) have been affected.
Many rural colonies, which are in low lying areas, including those where Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes communities lived were inundated during floods for many days resulting in contamination of groundwater.
The out-of-order water systems under KWA, Jalanidhi, and LSGs, or those that are operating at a reduced capacity, should be repaired, and made flood-resilient by implementing sustainable and disaster-resilient technical options viz construction of intake structures having good yield, storage reservoirs, distribution networks, SCADA systems for the management water supply projects, replacement of inefficient pumping systems based on the energy audit and automation of pumping systems etc.
This presents a major opportunity for Kerala and its management of water supply projects to rebuild and reform in a more sustainable & resilient manner. Projects for providing 38,572 household connections worth an amount of Rs.231.17 crores are being implemented under RKI. The following are the projects:
| S.N. | Project Name | Department | Project Status | Implementing Agency | Action |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Kerala Water Resources Information System | Water Resources Department | In Progress | IDRB | |
| 2 | DPR for projects under Room for River | Water Resources Department | In Progress | Kerala State Irrigation Department | |
| 3 | Initial expenses for constituting RBCMA. | Water Resources Department | In Progress | Kerala State Irrigation Department | |
| 4 | Micro Irrigation Projects-LIS | Water Resources Department | In Progress | Kerala State Irrigation Department | |
| 5 | Post Flood Repair and Maintenance of Dams/ Regulators/ Canals/ Irrigation Structures-95 Works | Water Resources Department | In Progress | Kerala State Irrigation Department | |
| 6 | Post Flood Repair and Maintenance of Dams/Regulators/ Canals/ Irrigation Structures-3 works | Water Resources Department | In Progress | Kerala State Irrigation Department | |
| 7 | Post Flood Repair and Maintenance-Chalakudy River Diversion Scheme-1 work | Water Resources Department | In Progress | Kerala State Irrigation Department | |
| 8 | Automation of pump houses of Kerala Water Authority- Implementation of Phase 1 (Stage 1 & 2) under Rebuild Kerala Initiative | Water Resources Department | In Progress | Kerala Water Authority | |
| 9 | Completion of nearly completed KWA schemes | Water Resources Department | In Progress | Kerala Water Authority | |
| 10 | Energy Optimization and replacing inefficient pumping systems-Energy Audit | Water Resources Department | In Progress | Kerala Water Authority |
Chief Executive Officer, Rebuild Kerala Initiative, 1 A, Calsar Heather Tower, Punnen Road, Statue, Thiruvananthapuram 695001
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